Rensberger

An optimizer uses gradient descent with momentum to follow a loss landscape, overshooting and correcting toward a minimum—the same principle used to train machine-learning models.

Drifting points form a triangular mesh. Edges flip as the points move, keeping every triangle’s circumcircle free of other points.

Two moving wave sources create peaks and troughs across a rippling surface.

Four rotating circles combine to trace a traveling approximation of a square wave.

Golden-angle spirals carry radial pulses through a seed-like pattern.

Three equal masses follow the periodic figure-eight solution to Newtonian gravity, accelerating around one another and leaving fading trails in a fixed view.